The EU AI act in 2025: A detailed overview of recent developments
The European Union continues to lead in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation with the implementation of the EU AI act, which came into force on August 1, 2024. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the most recent developments in 2025, focusing on initial applications, Commission guidelines, and implications for businesses. We will examine the timeline, specific measures, and future steps in detail, supported by official sources and practical insights.
Background and timeline
The EU AI act was officially published in the Official Journal of the European Union on July 12, 2024, and entered into force on August 1, 2024. The implementation follows a phased approach, with significant milestones in 2025.
The implementation timeline spans from August 1, 2024, when the AI act entered into force, through August 2, 2027, when the extended transition period for AI systems in regulated products ends. Key dates include February 2, 2025, for the start of initial rules including AI literacy and prohibited AI practices, and August 2, 2025, for the application of rules for general-purpose AI models (GPAI).
Recent developments in 2025
1. Launch of initial provisions on February 2, 2025
On February 2, 2025, the first rules of the AI act took effect, centered around two main pillars. First, Article 4 of the AI act requires providers and users of AI systems to ensure their staff has adequate AI knowledge, including opportunities and risks. This encompasses training on ethical implications and potential harm, as described in the AI act implementation timeline.
Second, AI systems posing unacceptable risks are now prohibited. This includes systems that manipulate human behavior subliminally or deceptively, exploit vulnerable groups such as children or people with disabilities, enable social scoring by government authorities, or use real-time biometric identification in public spaces by law enforcement (with specific exceptions).
2. European Commission guidelines
In February 2025, the European Commission published two crucial guidelines to assist businesses and authorities with compliance. The first, released on February 4, 2025, provides non-binding guidance on prohibited AI practices, offering legal explanations and practical examples. The second helps determine what qualifies as an AI system, essential for businesses to understand whether their software falls under the AI act.
3. Preparation for future rules
A significant development is the upcoming application of rules for general-purpose AI models (GPAI) on August 2, 2025. These models, capable of performing a wide range of tasks, will be subject to transparency and risk management obligations. The Commission has launched a consultation for a code of practice for GPAI, expected to be finalized in April 2025.
Implications for businesses
Recent developments have significant implications for businesses using or developing AI in the EU. Companies must invest in staff training, particularly for employees operating AI systems. This includes understanding ethical implications and regulations. Businesses must also audit their AI systems to ensure they don't engage in prohibited practices, especially relevant for systems interacting with users or making decisions affecting their rights.
Organizations developing or using GPAI models must prepare for the rules taking effect in August 2025, including transparency requirements and risk assessments. This requires proactive steps, such as following the code of practice.
Key dates and actions
The implementation timeline includes several crucial dates that businesses need to prepare for. From the initial AI literacy requirements starting February 2025 to the extended transition period ending in August 2027, organizations must carefully plan their compliance journey.
Conclusion
The EU AI act marks a new phase in AI regulation, with significant steps in 2025 paving the way for a safe and ethical AI landscape. The introduction of AI literacy requirements, prohibited practices, and Commission guidelines are crucial developments. Businesses must take action now to remain compliant, especially with upcoming rules for general-purpose AI models. By staying informed and acting proactively, businesses can continue to harness the benefits of AI while meeting the highest standards.
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