Article 53: GPAI model providers
Documentation, information, copyright and transparency duties for providers of general-purpose AI models.
The official source remains authoritative. This general interpretation is not legal advice.
- Status
- Applicable
- Application date
- 2 August 2025
- Version
- 1.0.0
- Last reviewed
- 8 August 2026
Who this is relevant to
When this applies
Provider of a GPAI model
A party that places a general-purpose AI model on the Union market.
- 1The party is a provider of a GPAI model placed on the Union market.
- 2For models placed on the market from 2 August 2025, the duties apply from that time. Models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply by 2 August 2027.
What the official source establishes
Article 53 applies since 2 August 2025 to new GPAI models. Providers maintain technical documentation, provide information to downstream providers, operate a Union copyright policy and publish a sufficiently detailed summary of training content.
Providers of GPAI models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply with the applicable obligations by 2 August 2027.
Our interpretation
An organisation merely using an external GPAI model does not thereby automatically become a GPAI model provider. First determine its role in the value chain.
What you can do now
Record model versions, role qualification, documentation owners, downstream information, copyright policy and training summary in one change-controlled file.
- 01
Maintain GPAI documentation and transparency information
Maintain technical documentation, information for downstream providers, a copyright policy and a public summary of training content.
What to retain
GPAI compliance file
Current technical documentation, downstream information, copyright policy and public training summary.
Control and reassessment
GPAI documentation change control
Update documentation and downstream information when the model, capabilities or risks change.
Public tools
GPAI obligations route
Public guide to GPAI model obligations and exceptions.
Conditions and exceptions
- The open-source exception is limited and retains, among other things, the copyright policy and public training-content summary. Additional duties apply to models with systemic risk.
Official sources and locators
EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689
European Parliament and Council | original-oj-2024-07-12
Source locator: Article 53(1), Annex XI and Annex XII
EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689
European Parliament and Council | original-oj-2024-07-12
Source locator: Article 113(3)(b)
Guidelines for GPAI model providers
European Commission | checked-2026-08-08
Source locator: Scope and provider qualification guidance
EU Artificial Intelligence Act 2024/1689
European Parliament and Council | original-oj-2024-07-12
Source locator: Article 53 and Annexes XI-XII
Version history
v1.0.0
2 August 2025
Article 53: GPAI model providers
Documentation, information, copyright and transparency duties for providers of general-purpose AI models.
For AI agents and integrations
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